Horn ntawm Africa - Hom

Lub Horn ntawm Africa tau muaj npe nrov ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha tau ntau txhiab xyoo. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub, Greeks thiab Loos tau xa mus ncig ua si thiab caravans mus rau thaj av rau frankincense, myrrh thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntuj raug coj rov qab rau sab qaum teb raws txoj kev xyab hla tebchaws Arabian.

Nroj tsuag

Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm Horn ntawm Africa tseem tab tom ua tiav, qhov kev kwv yees tau zoo tshaj plaws yog tias muaj txog 5,000 hom nroj tsuag vascular hauv cheeb tsam, tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov uas - txog 2,750 hom - yog cov kab mob. Muaj qhov muaj zog ntawm cov kab mob endemic nyob rau sab qaum teb Somalia thiab hauv Socotra Archipelago.

Tau ntau txhiab xyoo, ntau hom ntoo ntoo tau muab cov khoom siv raw rau qee qhov Horn ntawm Africa cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, suav nrog cov tshuaj tsw qab (los ntawm Boswellia sacra hauv Somalia, Yemen thiab Oman, thiab B. freana hauv Somalia), myrrh (los ntawm thoob plaws Commiphora myrrha thiab C. guidottii nyob rau hauv Somalia thiab sab hnub tuaj Ethiopia) thiab zaj cov ntshav tsob ntoo los yog cinnabar (los ntawm lub Vulnerable Dracaena ntoo, pom ntawm Socotra). Dragon's blood tree yog siv los ua tshuaj thiab zas xim. Kev tsim cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab tseem yog kev lag luam tseem ceeb hauv Somalia thiab, qee qhov, hauv Ethiopia thiab sab qaum teb Kenya.

Ntau pua hom tshiab tau pom nyob rau hauv Somalia ib leeg hauv 30 xyoo dhau los, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Somali cyclamen (Cyclamen somalense). Paub tsuas yog los ntawm thaj chaw me me nyob rau sab qaum teb Somalia, cov nroj tsuag yog qhov kev tshawb pom xav tsis thoob hauv teb chaws Africa teb chaws sov, raws li cov genus cyclamen yog txwv tsis pub pom tsuas yog hauv thaj av Mediterranean.

noog

Ntawm 697 hom noog tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv lub hotspot, 24 yog qhov kawg. Xya ntawm cov hom no tsuas yog pom hauv Somalia.

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov noog nyob hauv lub hotspot yog Endangered Warsangli linnet (LinariaJohannes), hauv zos muaj nyob rau hauv siab, ntxhab escarpments raws Gulf of Aden nyob rau sab qaum teb Somalia. Lwm hom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Critically Endangered Djibouti francolin (Pternistis ua ochropectus), uas tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw hauv Djibouti, Forêt de Day, uas xav tias tsuas yog qhov chaw siv tau rau cov tsiaj tsis zoo no, thiab cov roob Mabla nyob ze.

Cov tsaj tsiaj

Ze li ntawm 220 hom tsiaj muaj nyob hauv Horn ntawm Africa, txawm hais tias tsuas yog li 20 yog qhov chaw nyob rau qhov chaw kub. Cov kab mob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ob peb hom antelope, suav nrog beira (Dorcagus megalotis), cov (Amodorcas Clarke), Endangered Speke's gazelle (Gazella xav tau) thiab nyiaj dikdik (Madoqua piacentinii: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?).

Lub hotspot tseem yog lub tsev rau Critically Endangered Somali qus ass (Equus africanus somaliensis sib txawv) thiab suab puam warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus).

Lub hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas), uas tau tuav dawb huv hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub thiab feem ntau mummified, niaj hnub no muaj nyob rau hauv toj roob hauv pes thiab escarpments ciam teb rau yav qab teb Hiav Txwv Liab thiab Gulf of Aden.

Cov tsiaj reptiles

Lub Horn ntawm Africa lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm endemism tshwm sim ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles, nrog ntau tshaj 90 ntawm ib ncig ntawm 285 hom tsis pom nyob qhov twg. Lub hotspot's XNUMX endemic reptile genera suav nrog Haackgreerius, monotypic genus ntawm skink pom nyob rau hauv Somalia, thiab Aeluroglena, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm ib hom nab. Ib nrab ntawm cov kab mob endemic txwv rau Socotra, suav nrog ob Haemodracon gecko hom thiab ob hom nab, Ditypophis thiab Pachycalamus, sawv cev los ntawm ib hom kab mob.

Amphibians

Tsis zoo li cov tsiaj reptiles, amphibians yog cov sawv cev tsis zoo nyob rau hauv arid Horn ntawm teb chaws Africa, muaj ze li ntawm 30 hom sau tseg, ntawm uas tsawg kawg yog rau qhov kawg. Tsuas muaj ib lub genus endemic, Lanzarana, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm ib hom, Lanza's Qav (L. loj) ntawm Somalia. Txawm tias muaj chaw nyob, tsis muaj amphibians paub tias muaj nyob rau ntawm Socotra.

Cov ntses dej tshiab

Muaj kwv yees li ntawm 100 hom ntses dej qab zib hauv Horn ntawm Africa, txog 10 ntawm cov uas muaj hnub nyoog. Cov kab mob no suav nrog peb hom kab hauv qhov tsua pom tsuas yog hauv Somalia, ob ntawm cov uas - Somalian dig muag barb (Barbopsis devecchii) thiab Somalian cavefish (Phreatichthys andruzzii) — dig muag.

Tsis muaj cov ntses dej qab zib ib txwm paub nrog qhov tseeb los ntawm Socotra, tab sis cov pejxeem ntawm Arabian hniav carp Aphanius dispar tau raug qhia rau qee qhov dej uas yog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob malaria.